2023-12-19 政治制度与变革
今年是中国共产党成立100周年。 在建党百年的历史中,中国共产党始终高举人民民主旗帜,逐步探索、建立、发展和完善了中国人民当家作主的新政治制度。国家,不断推进社会主义民主政治建设。 ,用制度体系保证人民当家作主。 习近平总书记指出:“人民代表大会制度是符合我国国情和实际、体现社会主义国家本质、保证人民当家作主、保证实现社会主义现代化的好制度。中华民族伟大复兴的伟大创造,是在我国政治发展史上乃至世界政治发展史上具有重大意义的全新政治制度。 “人民代表大会制度坚持中国共产党的领导,坚持马克思主义国家理论基本原则,与人民民主专政的国家制度相适应,有力地保证了国家沿着人民民主专政的道路前进。社会主义。” 在中国共产党的领导下,人民代表大会制度在长期实践中不断巩固、发展和完善,展现出活力和巨大优势,为党领导人民创造经济快速发展和社会长期稳定的奇迹。
一、探索适合中国国情、人民当家作主的政治制度,是中国共产党的不懈追求。
中国共产党的诞生是一个开创性的事件。 它深刻改变了近代以来中华民族的发展方向和进程,深刻改变了中国人民和中华民族的前途命运。 它为近代以来中国人民提供了适合国情的政治制度模式。 它指明了方向,中国人民从精神上的被动变成了主动选择自己的命运。 毛泽东同志对此作了总结:“自1840年鸦片战争失败以来,先进的中国人历经千辛万苦,向西方国家寻找真理”; 如果没有意义,理想就永远不会实现。” 我们党在领导人民争取民族独立和人民解放的伟大斗争中,深刻认识到革命的根本问题是政权问题。 不触及旧社会基础的自强运动、各种名义的改良主义、旧式农民战争、资产阶级革命派领导的民主革命、照搬西方政治制度模式的各种方案,都无法完成对世界的拯救。中华民族和反帝斗争。 反封建的历史任务不能稳定中国的政局和社会,也不能为中国实现国家富强、人民幸福提供制度保障。 为了结束封建专制统治,实现人民民主,中国共产党始终着眼于建立人民当家作主的新社会,建立适合中国国情、保证人民民主的政治制度。以人民当家作主为目标。
1931年11月,中华苏维埃第一次全国代表大会在江西瑞金冶坪召开,宣布成立中华苏维埃共和国临时中央政府。 图为2021年5月22日,人们参观苏维埃第一次全国代表大会会址,接受爱国主义和革命传统教育。新华社记者陈业华/摄
1921年党通过的《中国共产党共产主义纲领》指出:“我们党承认苏维埃管理制度,组织工农兵,以社会革命作为其政策的主要目的”。 党在领导新民主革命的伟大斗争中,根据地的建立和红色政权积累了治理地方的宝贵经验,为政治制度的探索提供了条件。
1931年11月,中华苏维埃第一次全国代表大会在江西瑞金召开。 大会制定了《中华苏维埃共和国宪法大纲》,选举了中央执行委员会,并宣布成立中华苏维埃共和国临时中央政府。 中华苏维埃共和国是工农民主专政的政权。 1934年1月,中央召开中华苏维埃第二次全国代表大会。 这两次代表大会是工农兵代表大会制度的预演,是中国共产党领导人民进行政权建设的开始,也是工农兵代表大会形成和发展的历史起点。人民代表大会制度。
抗日战争时期,我党建立的抗日民主政权,实行以“三三制”为原则的参议员制度,即在各级参议员和政府机构成员的构成上、共产党员、无党左翼进步分子、中间分子各占1/3。 这就是抗战时期敌后根据地政权建设中的民主制度,有力地推进了抗日民主根据地的政权建设,使延安成为“民主圣地”是当时中国进步青年所向往的。 毛泽东同志指出,参议院的民主政权和人民普选产生的“三三制”,是团结各阶层抗日的最佳政治形式。
1940年1月,毛泽东同志在《新民主主义》中明确提出了“人民代表大会”的概念。 指出“没有适当形式的政权,国家就不能代表。中国现在可以采取全国人民代表大会、省人民代表大会、县人民代表大会、区人民代表大会、乡镇人民代表大会制度,各级人民代表大会”。国会选举政府。” 1945年4月,毛泽东同志在《论联合政府》中进一步指出,彻底打败日本侵略者后,我们主张建立以全国最广大人民为基础、在共产党领导下的民主统一战线。工人阶级。联盟的国家制度,我们把这种国家制度称为新民主主义国家制度。新民主主义的政治组织应该采取民主集中制,由各级人民代表大会决定重大政策并选举政府。只有这样这种制度不仅能够体现广泛的民主,赋予各级人民代表大会高度的权力,而且能够集中处理国家事务,使各级政府能够集中处理各级人民代表大会委托的一切事务,确保人民一切必要的民主活动,如果没有真正的民主制度,这一目标就无法实现,这就是政治制度与国家制度的不相容。
人民代表大会制度概念的提出,为新民主主义革命胜利后中国政治制度的发展指明了方向,也极大地团结和动员了各界人士和各党派。 解放战争时期,我们党在解放区普遍建立了各级人民代表会议,党领导政权建设的经验日益丰富。 1948年8月,华北临时人民代表大会在石家庄召开。 这是新中国成立前以“人民代表大会”命名的最高级别地方权力机构。 会议的组织、程序、职能已具有新中国成立的特点。 后人民代表大会的主要特点是:制定了选举办法,选举了华北人民政府委员会,组建了政权执行机构; 明确人民代表大会行使立法权、行使监督权、听取和审查边境地区政府工作报告并作出有关决议; 制定了会议的议事规则和其他程序。 董必武在开幕致辞中指出,华北临时人民代表大会将成为全国人民代表大会的前奏和雏形。
1949年6月,毛泽东同志在《论人民民主专政》中指出:“总结我们的经验,可以集中一点:工人阶级(通过共产党)领导的、以人民为基础的人民民主专政。工农联盟”。 1949年9月 9月,中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议召开。 毛泽东同志在开幕词中指出:“本届中国人民政治协商会议是在全新的基础上召开的,具有代表全国人民的性质,赢得了全国人民的信任和支持。国家,所以中国人民政治协商会议宣布自己执行全国人民代表大会的权力。” 会议通过了《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》,规定中华人民共和国的国家权力属于人民; 人民 国家权力的行使机关是各级人民代表大会和人民政府。 这一具有临时宪法地位的重要文件,对新中国实行人民代表大会制度作出了明确安排,为人民代表大会制度的正式建立奠定了坚实的基础。
二、中华人民共和国成立后,在党的领导下建立和发展了人民代表大会制度
随着中华人民共和国的成立,中国政治实现了人民民主的伟大飞跃。 亿万中国人民真正成为国家、社会、自己命运的主人。 这为人民代表大会制度理念的付诸实践奠定了前提、创造了条件。 这在中国政治发展史上乃至世界政治发展史上都具有划时代的意义。
新中国成立的头三年,我们党领导人民巩固新人民政权,成功实现新民主主义条件下的制度变迁、经济复苏和社会转型。 1953年,党中央提出了过渡时期的总路线。 新形势下,加强国家政治、法制等上层建筑领域建设,更好服务社会主义经济基础建设已成为迫切需要。 1953年1月,中央人民政府委员会作出决议,召开1953年由人民普选产生的乡、县、省(市)各级人民代表大会,并在此基础上召开全国人民代表大会。 1953年2月,中央人民政府委员会通过了《全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法》。 1953年下半年以来,全国21万多个基层选举单位和3.23亿登记选民选举了566万多名地方各级人民代表大会代表。 在此基础上,从全国45个选举单位中选举产生了1226名全国人大代表。
1954年9月15日,第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议开幕。 9月20日,会议通过了《中华人民共和国宪法》,规定:“中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民。人民行使权力的机关是全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会”。全国人民代表大会、地方各级人民代表大会和其他各级国家机关实行民主集中制。”
1953年2月11日下午,中央人民政府委员会第二十二次会议在北京召开。 邓小平(右一)在会上作了关于中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法的报告。 主席台上(左起)宋庆龄副主席、毛泽东主席、刘少奇副主席、朱德、李济深、张澜。 新华社(资料图)
第一届全国人民代表大会成立后,全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会先后制定了《全国人民代表大会组织法》、《国务院组织法》、《国家机关组织法》等有关国家机构的基本法律。人民法院、人民检察院组织法、地方组织法,奠定了我国人民代表大会制度的基本框架和国家的组织基础。 全国人大代表巡视制度、全国人大常委会与代表联系制度等具体制度也逐步建立。 土地改革法、婚姻法、选举法等一系列法律、法令相继颁布,为巩固新生政权、实现和保证人民当家作主提供了制度保障。 到1956年,基本完成了生产资料私有制的社会主义改造,完成了从新民主主义到社会主义的社会转型,为人民代表大会制度提供了坚实的政治条件。
1956年9月,中国共产党第八次全国代表大会在北京召开。 这是新中国成立后党的第一次全国代表大会。 会议开始探索适合我国国情的社会主义建设道路,对完善党和国家制度提出了许多好的政策建议。 会议强调扩大人民民主、加强各级人大对政府工作的监督、系统制定和完善法律、健全社会主义法律体系等。
1978年开始的改革开放,是我们党的一次伟大觉醒,催生了我们党从理论到实践的伟大创造,也为人民代表大会制度的完善和发展提供了新的历史机遇。 1978年12月召开的党的十一届三中全会指出:“保障人民民主,必须加强社会主义法制建设,使民主制度化、法制化,使这个制度和法律稳定下来,连续性和极其“权威”;“立法工作应当摆上全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会的重要议事日程。”邓小平同志在《党和国家领导体制改革》讲话中指出,我们的宪法必须更加全面、更加彻底、更加准确,确保人民群众真正享有管理各级国家机关和各类企业的权力,享有充分的权益。少数民族聚居地区能否真正实行民族区域自治,需要完善人民代表大会制度等。
在党中央领导下,1982年12月4日,五届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过了现行宪法,加强了人民代表大会制度建设。 一是完善国家机构和制度,扩大全国人大常委会的职权。 全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权。 除基本法由全国人民代表大会制定外,其他法律由全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定。 规定了全国人民代表大会常务委员会组成人员回避权力的原则,不得在国家行政机关、司法机关、检察机关担任职务。 加强全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会的组织体系建设,规定全国人民代表大会可以根据需要设立专门委员会。 完善国家制度,恢复总统、副总统的编制; 国家设立中央军事委员会领导全国武装力量,实行主席负责制等。 二是完善地方政府体制,规定县级以上地方人民代表大会设立常务委员会,赋予省级人民代表大会及其常务委员会、较大的市人民代表大会及其常务委员会地方立法权。进一步扩大民族自治地方的自治权。 《关于中华人民共和国宪法修正案草案的报告》特别强调,我国政治体制改革和国家机构设置,要保证全体人民在政治上、组织上掌握国家权力,真正当家作主。国家的。 邓小平同志在谈到我国社会主义民主制度时作了这样的阐述:“资本主义社会所说的民主,是资产阶级的民主,实际上是垄断资本的民主。我们的制度是人民代表大会制度,是人民代表大会制度。”共产党领导下的民主制度,不能像西方那样。”
党的十四大提出,进一步完善人民代表大会制度,强化各级人民代表大会及其常务委员会职能。 党的十五大把依法治国上升为党领导人民治国理政的基本方略,提出在党的领导下、在人民的基础上坚持依法治国,发展中国特色社会主义民主法治,建设社会主义。 我们将建设法治国家,明确到2010年形成中国特色社会主义法律体系。这期间,人大立法、监督、代表工作在制度化、规范化方面取得重大进展。 1992年,全国人民代表大会制定了《代表法》,系统规定了代表的工作原则、代表的权利和义务、代表闭会期间的工作和闭会期间的活动等。1993年、1999年、2000年全国人大常委会先后制定了关于加强法律实施情况检查监督的若干规定、关于加强中央预算审查监督的决定、关于加强经济工作监督促进标准化的决定全国人民代表大会监督工作。 2000年,全国人大总结多年立法经验,制定了立法法,完善了立法体系。
党的十六大提出党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一,坚持中国特色社会主义政治发展道路,进一步强化了党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一。人民代表大会制度建设。 2005年5月,党中央转发《中共全国人大常委会党组关于进一步发挥全国人大代表作用加强常委会制度建设的若干意见》 《全国人民代表大会委员会》,明确新形势下要坚持和完善人民代表大会制度,明确了全国人民代表大会工作的目标任务和重点任务。 党的十七大提出按照人口同比例选举全国人民代表大会代表,强调要坚持科学民主立法,完善中国特色社会主义法律体系,坚定不移发展社会主义民主政治。 2010年3月,全国人大修改选举法,明确城乡按照相同的人口比例选举人民代表大会代表,实现了新中国历史上城乡“同票同权”。 2010年底,全国人大常委会宣布将如期形成中国特色社会主义法律体系,完成党的十五大提出的政治任务。 这一法律体系为我国改革开放和现代化建设提供了规则指引,创造了有别于西方社会的全新法治模式。 代表大会制度的政治优势和社会主义民主制度化、法制化的辉煌成就。
三、进入新时代,以习近平同志为核心的党中央积极发展社会主义民主政治,人民代表大会制度取得历史性成就
党的十八大以来,中国特色社会主义进入新时代。 以习近平同志为核心的党中央从中国共产党法、社会主义建设法、人类社会发展规律的高度积极发展社会主义民主政治,加强人民的领导。 抓好制度保障,推动人民代表大会制度理论创新、制度创新、实践创新,取得历史性成就。
习近平总书记关于坚持党对人大工作的领导,坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路; 坚持和发展人民代表大会制度,通过人民代表大会制度实现党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国三项原则。 坚持用制度体系保证人民当家作主,支持和保障人民通过人民代表大会行使国家权力; 坚持全面依法治国,切实保障社会公平正义和人民权利,实现法治国家工作的各个方面; 民主集中制保证国家机关按照法定权限和程序行使职权; 全面贯彻宪法,以法治促发展,以善治为保障; 实施正确有效监督,密切联系人大代表和人民群众,让人民群众有声音回答,拓展了人民代表大会制度的科学内涵、基本特征和本质要求,明确了新时代做好人民代表大会工作的重大原则、思路、举措和重点任务。 人民代表大会制度的发展和完善,为新时代人民代表大会工作指明了方向,提供了根本遵循。
党的十九届四中全会就坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题作出决策。 《决定》要求,到建党一百周年之际,各项制度更加成熟定型取得重大成效。 2021年10月召开的中央人民代表大会工作会议,明确提出了新时代加强和改进人民代表大会工作的指导思想、重大原则和主要任务,为发展社会主义民主政治提供了根本依据。新时代社会主义政治文明建设。 在党中央集中统一领导下,人民代表大会制度更加成熟定型,主要表现在以下几个方面。
加强党对全国人大工作的领导制度更加成熟。 人民代表大会制度是党支持和保证人民当家作主的方式和制度载体。 全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会坚持党中央集中统一领导,坚决贯彻党中央重大决策部署。 党的主张转化为国家意志; 坚持党管干部的原则,保证党组织推荐的人选通过合法程序成为国家机关工作人员; 人大工作中的重大问题和重要情况及时向党中央报告。 2015年开始,习近平总书记连续七年主持中央政治局常务委员会会议,听取全国人大常委会党组工作报告。 这已经成为一个重要的制度。
全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会的组织体系更加成熟。 全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会的组织体系是科学严谨、协调一致、务实高效的组织体系。 党的十九大报告和党的十九届四中全会决定明确提出,全国人民代表大会的组织制度、工作制度和议事规则应该改进。 2021年3月,第十三届全国人民代表大会第四次会议通过修改后的《全国人民代表大会组织法》和《全国人民代表大会议事规则》。 全国人民代表大会组织法增设总则一章,规定了全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会依法行使职权的政治原则,完善了职权的相关制度。完善主席团会议和主席会议制度,完善全国人民代表大会专门委员会相关制度。 The National People's Congress's rules of procedure have improved the meeting convening system, strictly enforced meeting disciplines, appropriately streamlined meeting procedures, and improved the quality and efficiency of deliberations.
On June 30, 2020, the 20th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress passed the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" and decided to include the law in Annex III of the Basic Law of Hong Kong. Announce and implement locally. The picture shows that on June 30, Hong Kong citizens supported the implementation of Hong Kong's national security law on the streets of Causeway Bay.Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Shen/photo
The national institutional system is more mature. Our country's Constitution stipulates the institutional system of state institutions and their working principles. The 2018 constitutional amendment added provisions for supervisory committees. Under the system of people's congresses, state administrative organs, supervisory organs, judicial organs, and procuratorial organs are all created by the people's congresses, responsible to the people's congresses, and supervised by the people's congresses. In terms of state power allocation, the people's congresses exercise state power in a unified manner, and administrative, supervisory, trial, and procuratorial powers are exercised by the government, supervisory committees, courts, and procuratorates in accordance with the law. All state agencies should divide labor reasonably and cooperate closely to form a unified and efficient whole under the leadership of the party, and put an end to the disadvantages of discussion without decision and decision without action from the perspective of the system and mechanism.
The legislative system and institutions are more mature. Legislation is a noble cause that sets rules for the country and defines the circle for society. With the formation and improvement of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, the legislative system and institutions have been continuously improved. In March 2015, the Third Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress revised the Legislative Law. According to the key point of improving the quality of legislation proposed by the Party Central Committee, it further improved the basic principles that legislation should follow, legislative power, legislative procedures, legal interpretation, legislative planning, and plans. Scientific legislation, democratic legislation, and relevant provisions to protect the people's right to participate. Give local legislative power to cities divided into districts, strictly define the boundaries of departmental regulations and local government regulations, standardize authorized legislation, strengthen the filing and review of normative documents, and ensure that the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics is standardized, harmonious, unified, and authoritative.
Supervision systems and mechanisms have become more mature. The National People's Congress and its Standing Committee supervise the implementation of the Constitution and laws and the work of state organs, which is an inherent requirement and institutional arrangement of the People's Congress system. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress insists on focusing on the overall situation, being close to the people's livelihood, and highlighting key points, and comprehensively strengthens the supervision of the implementation of laws and the supervision of the work of "one government, one committee, two courts". Actively implement the major reform tasks assigned by the Party Central Committee, and formulate the "Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Strengthening the Supervision of State-owned Assets Management" and "Implementation Opinions on Implementing the "Guiding Opinions on the Expansion of the National People's Congress Budget Review and Supervision Focus to Expenditure Budget and Policies" ", etc., improve the working mechanism from the system level, and strengthen the supervision function. Improve the record review system and working mechanism, formulate the "Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Legislative Affairs Committee Regulations, Judicial Interpretations Record Review Work Procedures (Trial)", "Regulations, Judicial Interpretations Record Review Work Measures", provide more operable record review work sex work guidelines.
The grassroots democratic system is more mature. The construction of a grassroots democratic system is an important part of the construction of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, and it is an urgent requirement for the development of a broader, fuller, and more robust people's democracy. In June 2015, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China forwarded the "Several Opinions of the Party Group of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening the Work and Construction of County and Township People's Congresses", clearly focusing on the construction of grassroots state power and grassroots self-government to strengthen the county-level people's congresses and their standing committees. The organization and construction of the committee, the working organization of the street people's congress, and the presidium of the township people's congress. This is a major measure taken by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core to strengthen the construction of socialist democratic politics under the new situation. In accordance with the unified deployment of the Party Central Committee, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress revised the Organizational Law of the National People's Congress and the Rules of Procedure of the National People's Congress, including "whole-process democracy"; The construction of socialist grassroots democratic politics provides a guarantee. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the Standing Committees of local people's congresses at all levels have set up contact points for grassroots legislation and budget review to listen to the opinions and voices of the people and ensure that people's democracy is not blocked throughout the process.
The institutional mechanism for guaranteeing the subject status of representatives is more mature. The National People's Congress and its Standing Committee strive to improve the quality of proposing and handling deputies' proposals, improve the system for members of the Standing Committee to directly contact deputies, establish a discussion mechanism with deputies who attend Standing Committee meetings, expand the scope of deputies' inspections and surveys, and support "one government, one government" The committee and the two courts" strengthen contact with deputies to the National People's Congress, and strengthen service guarantees for deputies to perform their duties. The local people's congresses actively promote the construction of deputies' homes and deputies' liaison stations, and have built work platforms for deputies based on the grassroots, close to the masses, and covering both urban and rural areas. In 2019, 35 specific measures were formulated to strengthen and improve the work of National People's Congress deputies, providing institutional guarantees for better upholding the principal status of National People's Congress deputies and better playing the role of National People's Congress deputies in the new era.
4. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, continue to uphold and improve the system of people's congresses
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The world today is undergoing major changes unseen in a century. Institutional competition is an important aspect of comprehensive national strength competition, and institutional advantages are an important advantage for a country to win strategic initiative. Both history and reality show that a stable system will ensure a stable country. , A strong system makes the country strong." As my country's fundamental political system, the People's Congress system embodies the basic principles of scientific socialism, is in line with China's national conditions, and is compatible with the state system of the people's democratic dictatorship. On the new journey of struggle, we must give full play to the role of the fundamental political system of the People's Congress system and continue to firmly control the future and destiny of the country and the nation in the hands of the people through this system. This is the glorious task entrusted to us by the new era.
On February 22, 2021, Zhongshan Township, Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province held a "New Village Night Talk" event. Representatives of township sages, B&B owner representatives, county and township people's congress representatives, party members and villagers representatives focused on the return of express industry resources and the construction of beautiful countryside , the development of the homestay industry, and the improvement of rural environmental sanitation, etc., to discuss and express their opinions. Zhou Zhonglian, deputy to the National People's Congress, participated in the night talk that day to collect public opinion for the upcoming two sessions. "Xincun Night Talk" has become an important form of local practice of people's democracy throughout the process.Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Yu/Photo
This glorious task requires us to strengthen our confidence in the people's congress system and ensure that the party leads the people to effectively govern the country through the people's congress system. The people's congress system is explored, established and consolidated by the people under the leadership of the party. It must be adhered to for a long time, fully implemented and continuously improved under the leadership of the party. People's congresses at all levels and their standing committees must unswervingly adhere to the party's leadership, especially the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, transform the party's ideas into the will of the country through legal procedures, unify the party's ideas and the will of the people, and ensure that the party's The line, principles, policies and decision-making arrangements have been fully implemented and effectively implemented.
This glorious task requires us to continuously improve the system of the people being the masters of the country and ensure that the people are the masters of the country. People's democracy is the life of socialism. It is the essence and core of socialist democratic politics that the people are the masters of the country, and it is also where the great vitality and remarkable superiority of the people's congress system lies. The "Resolution" adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "We must adhere to the organic unity of the party's leadership, the people's ownership of the country, and the rule of law, actively develop people's democracy throughout the process, and improve the comprehensive, extensive, and organically connected people's ownership of the country. Main institutional system, build diverse, smooth and orderly democratic channels, enrich democratic forms, expand the people's orderly political participation from all levels and fields, so that all aspects of systems and national governance can better reflect the people's will, protect the people's rights and interests, and inspire the people create."
This glorious task requires us to implement the basic strategy of governing the country by law and constantly improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. Comprehensively advancing the rule of law is a major strategic issue related to our party's governance and rejuvenation of the country, the happiness and well-being of the people, and the long-term stability of the party and the country. It is an important aspect of improving and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities. The "Resolution" passed by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Comprehensive governance of the country according to law is the essential requirement and important guarantee of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and is a profound revolution in national governance." The National People's Congress and its Standing Committee serve as national legislators The government agencies play an irreplaceable role in the overall rule of law. To build a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, we must adhere to legislation first, give full play to the leading and promoting role of legislation, and further promote scientific legislation, democratic legislation, and law-based legislation to provide legal guarantees for implementing new development concepts, building a new development pattern, and achieving high-quality development.
This glorious mission requires us to continuously strengthen and improve supervision work and implement correct supervision and effective supervision. "The enforcement of laws will lead to state governance, and the relaxation of laws will lead to chaos." People's congresses at all levels and their standing committees must shoulder the supervision responsibilities entrusted by the constitution and law, safeguard the authority of the constitution, and safeguard the unity and dignity of the country's legal system. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of "one government, one committee and two courts" to ensure that administrative power, supervisory power, judicial power and procuratorial power are correctly exercised in accordance with the law, to ensure that the Constitution, laws and administrative regulations are observed and implemented, and to ensure the legality of citizens, legal persons and other organizations Rights and interests are effectively safeguarded.
The history of the development of the People's Congress system is a history of our party leading the people to establish a socialist democratic political system with Chinese characteristics and making unremitting efforts to realize and ensure that the people are the masters of the country. Standing at the historical intersection of the "Two Centenaries", the People's Congress system will continue to show its vitality in the great practice of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must follow the new requirements for developing socialist democratic politics in the new era, unswervingly adhere to the People's Congress system, advance with the times and improve the People's Congress system, and provide more effective institutional guarantees for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country.
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