明成祖反复询问讲官明朝人口最多达到多少人同时要求讲官细读并翻译相关文献
明成祖对讲官说：“《明成祖问讲官》这篇文章是用文言文写的，它详细地描述了君子和小人的差别。文章中，仁宗在当太子的时期曾经侍奉于明成祖，而后者向讲官提出了问题：“今天我们讨论的是哪一本书？”讲官回答说：“《论语》中的君子与小人同样有共通之处。”明成祖接着问道：“为什么君子难以进步而容易退步，小人却易于进步却难以退步？”讲官解释道：“小人因为逞才而无耻，所以他们不懂得保持谦虚；而君子则守持着自己的道德原则，不追求名利。”明成祖又问，“为什么小人的势力往往占据上风？”讲官回答说：“这是因为上层人物好恶所致，就像一个明智的主公在位，他必然会倾向于选择那些品德高尚的人来辅佐他。”最后，明成祖再次询问，“即使如此，主公也不会完全依赖那些小人吗？”讲官回应道：“虽然有些不可放弃的小人们，但我们必须常常警告并劝导他们，不让他们犯错。”
注释：警饬，即警告或劝诫。
翻译：The article "Emperor Chengzu Asks the Official" is written in Classical Chinese. It discusses the differences between a gentleman and a petty person. In the text, Emperor Chengzu once asked an official about which book they were discussing today, to which the official replied that it was from "Analects," where both gentlemen and petty people share common chapters. Emperor Chengzu then asked why it is difficult for gentlemen to advance but easy for them to retreat, while petty people find it easy to advance but hard to retreat? The official explained that petty people are boastful without shame, whereas gentlemen maintain their moral principles without desiring fame or wealth. Emperor Chengzu further inquired about why petty people often prevail; the official responded that this is because those who hold power have their own preferences, just like a wise ruler will favor those with virtue by his side. Finally, Emperor Chengzu asked if even so, rulers do not completely rely on such individuals? The official replied that although there may be some talents worth retaining among petty people, we must constantly remind and advise them so as not to make mistakes.
练习：
1．Interpret lineated words：
（1）Chengzu consults an officer
（2）A gentleman maintains his path without desire
2．Translate lineated sentences into modern Chinese:
Line 13: “Some talents of small men should be kept watch over; we must always warn them so they won't make mistakes.”
3．Why does it say “petty men easily progress but hardly retreat”?
Answer based on original text: Petty men boastfully lack shame.
4．In Chapter 1 of "Strategems of the States," Zhuge Liang advocates for avoiding mean-spirited individuals; however, this passage suggests that one can still use such persons effectively. Which viewpoint do you lean towards? Please explain your perspective.
Answer:
1、(1) Look (2) Ethics and truth
2、Small men indeed possess abilities worth preserving; constant advice prevents errors.
3、Petty men boastfully lack shame.
4、Explain logically
